jueves, 18 de octubre de 2007

Finding Fallacies in a Speech

Speech Read: I have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

Fallacies of Relevance:

Genetic Fallacies: in a way I think this speech has genetic fallacies because it claims that white and their ideas are untrustworthy because of their racial origin. He claims that white people think that simply because of the reason that they are white they have the right to do anything and go past anyone.

Abusive: it arguments the proposals, assertions, or arguments of a group which in this case are the white people. Again this speech is mainly against of the whites and their superiority.

Bandwagon Approach: Luther replies that his argument is completely correct. An example is when he mentions that the declaration of independence was signed for all men to have “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness”.
Appeal to Emotion: I think this text might contain a bit of this fallacy because he is mentioning that he hopes that one day black and white children can hold hands and uses metaphors like these that have a lot to do with one person’s feelings.

Component Fallacies:

Begging the Question: I think this type of fallacy occurs in the text and it is also very notorial. This is because he assumes as evidence for his argument the conclusion. Since the beginning of the text he talks about the same thing and doesn’t develop his ideas in an orderly way what I think happens is that he jots down every idea he has and repeats it a lot in the text.

Circular Reasoning: This type of fallacy is very common in all speeches because most of the time the purpose of speeches is to convince people of something. Therefore they repeat the same thing in different words. That’s pretty much what Luther King does he tries to convince that black people should be free and equal to everybody else.

Red Herring: with this phrase Luther King tries to change the subject or divert the argument from the real question and to set a side-Pont.
“America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt”.
I think this happens this way because Luther goes a little off the road but at the same time is making a discrete but true “joke” about how Americans have given black people a hard time, and made them felt like they have “insufficient funds” meaning that they don’t serve for anything.

Straw Man Argument: I found a great paragraph were there is a very clear example of an attempt to prove his own point by overstating which is that he repeats at least 50 times “I have a Dream”.
But in one part I think he exaggerates a lot:
“But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.”
I think this is a little to much, saying that white people “crippled” and the best part is that he even accepts it! When he says: “….. We´ve come here today to DRAMATIZE…..” he accepts that he is getting a little way beyond limits.

Slippery Slope: This occurs because he says that once the first step is undertaken (“unleash” black people) the second and third step will inevitably follow. These two steps could be freedom, equality, happiness etc. Just by taking simple steps positive things will follow.

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